Particle Swarm Optimization Based Design of a Terahertz Antenna with a Modified Photonic Band Gap Substrate for 6G Future Wireless Communications

In this study, an antenna is proposed that operates at THz spectrum for sixth generation (6G) short-range future wireless communications. A modified photonic band gap (MPBG) substrate employed to design octagonal ring shaped microstrip patch with wideband and high gain properties. Unlike the conventional (PBG) form, MPBG structure created by variable sized cylindrical air holes. The radii of each cylinder in row determined help particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, where goal set achieve highest impedance bandwidth (S_11≤-10 dB) possible. simulation results antennas are built on 1) non-PBG, 2) PBG 3) structures compared. It observed radiation performance most enhanced implementing structure. comparison without PBG, reported offers almost 300% 11% improvement. To summarize, designed its achieves excellent within a wide operating bandwidth.